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Glossary of Editorial Terms
Cold
Read—A cold read
involves proofreading without a
manuscript. The purpose is generally to
make sure that the text
makes sense and that there
are no errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, consistency, or
formatting.
Copy—Copy
includes text or art that has not yet been typeset,
but will eventually become part of a published work.
Copyediting—Copyediting
is
the process of making changes to a manuscript.
This level of editing
makes no more changes than
necessary to
conform to standard spelling, grammar, punctuation, usage, and
consistency.
Content Editing—Content
editing is the process of making changes to a manuscript.
In addition
to editing for spelling,
grammar, punctuation,
usage, and consistency, content editing involves an evaluation of the
content, flow, voice, and presentation of the writing as
well as adherence to guidelines. In the case of educational publishing,
content editing also includes an evaluation of the educational quality
of the writing.
Developmental Editing—Development
editing is the process of making changes to a manuscript.
It is concerned with the
overall organization of a manuscript rather than with smaller changes.
Developmental editing may involve reordering large blocks of text and
may also involve adding or deleting material. It may also address tone,
voice, complexity, and transitions within the work.
Fact Checking—Fact checking involves
the verification of facts within a work using appropriate
sources. It may also involve evaluating the appropriateness of
information presented as fact and whether that information is current.
Manuscript—Copy prepared by a writer or author that is to be
converted into a printed form. An electronic file, such as a Microsoft
Word file, may also be referred to as a manuscript file.
Proof—A proof is
typeset
material in either a print (hard) or
electronic (soft) format that looks like the
final printed product. Most
educational materials are
proofed two to three times before being sent to the printer. (A printer
will generally make another
proof before
printing.)
Hard
Proof—A hard proof
is a hard copy printed and proofread on paper.
Soft Proof—A soft proof is an electronic copy,
often in the form of a PDF (portable document format) and is proofread
via electronic means.
Proofreading—Proofreading
takes place after the manuscript preparation process has been completed
and the text has been
typeset.
Proofreading often involves comparing a manuscript
to the proof to
check for discrepancies. The
proofreader may also be
asked to check the proof against a style sheet. Sometimes proofreading
consists of a cold read.
Style
Sheet—Following a
style is important for maintaining consistency throughout a text or a
series of printed
materials. A style sheet
is a document that lists the chosen style of an organization, a text,
or a series of printed materials. Most style sheets are
based on authorities such as the Chicago Manual of Style or the AP
Style Guide; however, some
organizations develop an
in-house style. Style can consist of preferred spellings (when two
spellings are correct),
punctuation (when there is
more than one correct usage), how to handle abbreviations, and when to
spell out numbers. Style
can also consist of
when to use graphic elements such as bold face, italics, color, or
underlining.
Substantive
Editing—Substantive editing is the process of making changes to
a
manuscript. This level of editing involves improving wording
and phrasing in addition to editing for spelling, grammar, punctuation,
usage, and consistency.
Typesetting—Typsesetting
is the act of creating print that appears correctly on a printed page.
This includes ensuring that print is legible and correctly formatted.
Most modern typesetting is performed using software that adjusts
elements such as size, font, and spacing.
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